An examination of code-switching effects on neural efficiency in bilingual Yoruba–English individuals
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Code-switching, the alternation between two languages within a conversation, is a common phenomenon among bilinguals. In Yoruba–English bilinguals, code-switching may impose additional cognitive demands that affect neural efficiency. Recent neuroimaging research indicates that while bilinguals may benefit from enhanced cognitive flexibility, frequent language switching can also lead to increased cognitive load and altered neural activation patterns in regions responsible for language control, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Olatunji, 2023). This study examines the impact of code-switching on neural efficiency by comparing brain activity during tasks that require code-switching versus monolingual language processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral reaction time measures, the research aims to determine whether code-switching leads to slower processing speeds or compensatory neural activation. The findings will contribute to our understanding of bilingual language control and may inform strategies to optimize neural efficiency in bilingual communication (Adeyemi, 2024; Balogun, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite extensive research on bilingualism, the neural effects of code-switching in Yoruba–English speakers remain inadequately understood. Existing studies often generalize findings from other bilingual populations without addressing the specific cognitive demands of Yoruba–English code-switching. This gap limits our understanding of how code-switching impacts neural efficiency, potentially hindering the development of effective interventions and language instruction methods. Without detailed insights into the neural costs of code-switching, educators and clinicians may struggle to design strategies that mitigate cognitive load in bilingual contexts (Olatunji, 2023; Adeyemi, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To investigate neural activation patterns during code-switching in Yoruba–English bilinguals.
2. To compare neural efficiency between code-switching and monolingual tasks.
3. To propose strategies to optimize bilingual language processing.
Research Questions:
1. How does code-switching affect neural activation in Yoruba–English bilinguals?
2. What are the differences in neural efficiency between code-switching and monolingual processing?
3. How can cognitive load be reduced during code-switching?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it elucidates the neural effects of code-switching in Yoruba–English bilinguals, providing critical insights into bilingual cognitive processing. The results will support the development of targeted educational and clinical interventions to enhance neural efficiency in bilingual communication (Olatunji, 2023; Balogun, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to examining neural efficiency during code-switching in Yoruba–English bilinguals using fMRI and behavioral measures.
Definitions of Terms:
• Code-switching: Alternating between two languages in conversation.
• Neural Efficiency: The effectiveness with which the brain processes information.
• Bilingual Individuals: Speakers proficient in both Yoruba and English.
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